The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing and eliminating adverse impacts of waste materials on human health and the environment to support economic development and superior quality of life.

This is to be done in the most efficient manner possible, to keep costs low and prevent waste buildup.

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

Waste generation:
This encompasses any activities involved in identifying materials that are no longer usable and are either gathered for systematic disposal or thrown away.

Onsite handling, storage, and processing:
This relates to activities at the point of waste generation, which facilitate easier collection. For example, waste bins are placed at sites that generate sufficient waste.

Waste collection:
A crucial phase of waste management, this includes activities such as placing waste collection bins, collecting waste from those bins, and accumulating trash in the location where the collection vehicles are emptied. Although the collection phase involves transportation, this is typically not the main stage of waste transportation.

Treatment of water is done to remove any contamination present in the water to make it fit for human consumption. Water is treated by public or private water utilities to make it potable to meet the needs of the community at a reasonable cost.

All surface waters carry pathogenic (disease-causing) microorganisms and must be disinfected prior to human consumption. This is carried on by a sequence of treatment processes that typically includes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration.

Coagulations accomplished by adding chemical coagulants, usually aluminium or iron salts, to neutralize the negative charge on the surfaces of the suspended solids present in the water.
Coagulated particles are aggregated into large, rapidly settling "floc" particles by flocculation, accomplished by gently stirring the water using paddles, turbines, or impellers.

The flocculated water is then gently introduced into a sedimentation basin, where the floc particles are given some time to settle out.

Then the filtration is done to remove the matter from water by forcing the water to pass through porous media.

Disinfection process is then carried out which eliminates pathogenic microorganisms from the water. It does not render the water completely sterile but does make it safe to drink from amicrobial standpoint.

Pumping stations handle sewage either as in-line for pumping the sewage from a deeper sewer to a shallow sewer or for conveying to the STP or outfall. They are required where sewage from low lying development areas is unable to be drained by gravity to existing sewerage infrastructure, and / or where development areas are too remote from available sewerage infrastructure to be linked by gravity means.

The proper location of the pumping station requires a comprehensive study of the area to be served, to ensure that the entire area can be adequately drained. Special consideration has to be given to undeveloped or developing areas and to probable future growth. The location of the pumping station will often be determined by the trend of future overall development of the area. The site should be aesthetically satisfactory. The pumping station has to be so located and constructed such that it will not get flooded at any time. The storm-water pumping stations have to be so located that water may be impounded without creating an undue amount of flood-damage, if the flow exceeds the pumping station capacity. The station should be easily accessible under all weather conditions.

Pumping stations are typically located near the lowest point in a development. However, the siting and orientation of each pumping station shall be considered individually and based on the following criteria:

 • Local topography as slope of the ground and above and below ground obstructions
 • Proposed layout of the particular development and of future developments
 • Proximity of proposed and/or existing sewerage infrastructure
 • Size and type of the pumping station
 • Access considerations for O&M needs including operators health and safety issues
 • Visual impact, particularly the vent tube, odours, noise problems, etc.,
 • Availability of power, water, etc.,
 • Vulnerability of the site for inundation
 • Compatibility to neighbouring residences by suitable dialogues.

Effluent treatment plant, also known as ETP is a waste water treatment process (WWTP) that is used to treat waste water. It's mostly used in industries like pharmaceuticals, textiles, and chemicals where extreme water contamination is a possibility. Effluent Treatment Plant plays a significant role in the treatment of industrial waste water as well as domestic sewage. Organic matter, inorganic matter, heavy metals, oil & grease, suspended particles, and other contaminants are treated in the wastewater treatment process of an ETP plant. Chemical treatment, biological treatment, a combination of chemical and biological treatment, and thermal treatment are the several types of wastewater treatment plants.

The conceptual approach of the treatment includes the removal of suspended particles, dissolved organic matters and handling of sludge for disposal. Different processes involved are:

EQUALISATION: The equalization tank's purpose is to balance the raw effluent from various processing units. The wastewater is collected in an existing mixed effluent tank and pumped to an existing aeration tank, which also functions as an equalisation tank. The floating aerator is used to homogenise the effluent before it is pumped to the neutralization tank for treatment.

pH CONTROL: The pH value of effluent should be between 5.5 and 9.0, according to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).pH neutralization is used to modify the pH of waste water.

For waste that is acidic (low pH): Bases are used to modify the pH of a solution.

In the case of alkali waste (high pH): Acids are used to modify the pH of a solution.

COAGULATION: Coagulation is a technique that involves adding liquid aluminiumsulphate to untreated water. This causes tiny dirt particles to stick together after mixing. This collection of particles combines to generate larger, heavier particles that are easily removed through settling and filtration.

SEDIMENTATION:  Water travels slowly in this process, causing the heavy particles to settle to the bottom. Sludge is the term for the particles that gather at the bottom of a container.

FILTRATION: Filtration is the process of passing water through a filter that removes particulates. The filters are made out of sand and gravel layers. Backwashing is required to clean these filters on a regular basis.

DISINFECTION: Before entering the distribution system, water is disinfected. Chlorine is used to disinfect and decontaminate water.

SLUDGE DRYING: Sedimentation collects and settles down solids, which are then transported to drying beds.  when the sludge thickness reaches around 300 mm, the sludge charging should be stopped, and the bed should be segregated to allow natural evaporation to dry it off. This takes approximately ten days.

Sewage is generated by residential, institutional, commercial and industrial establishments. It includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, and sinks draining into sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The separation and draining of household waste into grey water and black water is becoming more common in the developed world, with treated grey water being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets.
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater (or treated effluent). A by-product of sewage treatment is usually a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge, that has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or land application.

We propose combination of various Proven & Advance Technology for Sewage Treatment as under to meet the Client’s requirement

•    Activated Sludge Process (ASP)
•    Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
•    Extended Aeration Process (EAP)
•    Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
•    Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)
•    Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
•    Ultra-Filtration System (UF)
•    Electrocoagulation